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JECF %6'A) F7'B'* 9DJ' (E+D *,'1J  *9DJEJ  ..) %0' /9* 'D-',) %DI 0DC.XG G(  <&:'DF7'B'* 'D9DJ' 'D91(J) EB*1-2( ;%'D.'*E)h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hank you"!  (     ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@$?" dd@  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>  L(     0Lc"$`?  0  "``@   P9FH'F 'D5A-)  "  s * "`@   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!    S D  6PF 0P` H@___PPT9"@ v**&   `B   s *D1"@ @    Zffvff @#"  ` m    Tffvff @#"  `  Zffvffd @#"  `B  s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + Default Design  IAP<(  < < 6  p  X Click to edit Master title style!!  < 0  `    [#Click to edit Master subtitle style$$  < 0 ``  X*   < 0b `   X*  > < 0Dq ` ` H@___PPT9"@ v**& B < s *޽h ? ̙33z 0 0( i @p \   0 P    V*    0t     T*  d  c $ ?    0^  @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!    S   6l3( `P   V*  >  6 Y' ` ` (H@___PPT9"@ p*""   H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.l( @tJ( r tl t C 8}<PP  l t C  ~< @    t 0~  p  |t___PPT9VN@@@  /. 9(/'D92J2 (F -E/ 'D2HE'F 1'&/ (F %(1'GJE 'DA'J2 #F3 (F E-E/ 93J1J 'DE1C2 'D39H/J DE9DHE'* 'D4(C) 'D1J'6  'DEEDC) 'D91(J) 'D39H/J)^D   ND     t 0  PH@___PPT9"@ B49('F 1422G@ November 2001H"   t BK\ _E bzoman@isu.net.sa B t s *޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  `x(   xl x C  `@    l x C  @   } x 6 3f C"?  Introduction Internet in the Arabic world Levels of Arabizing of Internet Arabic domain names Why Arabizing them? Requirements and Solutions AINC - Arabic Linguistic Committee Linguistic issues Proposed method for Arabic TLDs Conclusions  x= x xR x> x =R>Z4   %   r     x 0 3f `  9Domain Names: when is it going to be in Arabic? Contents&: 1  : H x 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +\  sk (  r  S <&`    o| Z A  #"bV0D   B$(? " A r1.29( #    @`  B\J?" A w 3,538,000(   #    @`  BD?"A R   @`  BS?"A u938,000( #    @`I  Be?"ARJB___PPT9$@@ uTotal*(#    @`  B(n?"A R   @`  <p?  " r0.06( #    @`  <ԁ? " t12,500( #    @`  <t{?" u25****(#    @`  <L?" q500( #    @`B  <<?"RJB___PPT9$@@ tIraq*(#    @`  <?" r18*(#    @`  B?  r0.08( #    @`  B?  t28,000( #    @`  B?  q4*(#    @`  B?  s7,000( #    @`I  B ? RJB___PPT9$@@ uSudan*(#    @`  B?  r17*(#    @`  <? W  r0.08( #    @`  <?W  t14,000( #    @`  <D#?W   q4*(#    @`  <D #?W   s3,500( #    @`C  <#?W  RJB___PPT9$@@ uYemen*(#    @`  <?W   r16*(#    @`  B#? W  r0.18( #    @`  B/#? W  t32,000( #    @`  B09#? W  q4*(#    @`  BC#? W  s8,000( #    @`I  B3#? W RJB___PPT9$@@ uSyria*(#    @`  BU#? W  r15*(#    @`  <,#? %  q0.4( #    @`  <i#?%  t20,000( #    @`  <Tr#?%   q5*(#    @`  <,{#?%   s4,000( #    @`C  <Xu#?%  RJB___PPT9$@@ uLibya*(#    @`  <8#?%   r14*(#    @`  BP#? %  q0.6( #    @`  Bġ#? %  u180,000( #    @`  B<#? %  q4*(#    @`  Bd#? %  t45,000( #    @`K  Bx#? % RJB___PPT9$@@ wAlgeria*(#    @`  B<#? %  r13*(#    @`  <#?  r0.73( #    @`  <#?  u220,000( #    @`  <#?   q4*(#    @`  <L#?   t55,000( #    @`E  <#?  RJB___PPT9$@@ wMorocco*(#    @`  <$?   r12*(#    @`  B#? Z  r0.82( #    @`  B$?Z  u560,000( #    @`  B4 $?Z   s8***(#    @`  Bp)$?Z   t70,000( #    @`I  B43$?Z  RJB___PPT9$@@ uEgypt*(#    @`  B8-$?Z   r11*(#    @`  <@6$? a Z  r2.59( #    @`  <?$?a Z  u570,000( #    @`  <Y$?a Z  q3*(#    @`  <b$?a Z  u190,000( #    @`J  <m$?a Z RJB___PPT9$@@ | Saudi Arabia* ( #    @`  <Hv$?a Z  r10*(#    @`  Bxp$?  a  r2.89( #    @`  B$$? a  u280,000( #    @`  BT$?a  q4*(#    @`  B $?a  t70,000( #    @`K  B,$?a RJB___PPT9$@@ wTunisia*(#    @`  BX$?a  q9*(#    @`  <l$? /  r3.36( #    @`  <$?/  t84,000( #    @`  <l$?/ q3*(#    @`  <T$?/ t28,000( #    @`B  <h$?/RJB___PPT9$@@ tOman*(#    @`  <$?/ q8*(#    @`  B$?  / r3.53( #    @`  B$? / t60,000( #    @`  B&?/ q5*(#    @`  B &?/ t12,000( #    @`M  B &?/RJB___PPT9$@@ y Palestine* ( #    @`  B$&?/ q7*(#    @`  <-&?   r4.57( #    @`  <p7&?  u210,000( #    @`  <0&? r6**(#    @`  <J&? t35,000( #    @`D  <(D&?RJB___PPT9$@@ vJordan*(#    @`  <81&? q6*(#    @`  Bg&? d  r6.56( #    @`  B`&?d  u262,500( #    @`  BXa&?d s3.5*(#    @`  B&?d t75,000( #    @`K  B0u&?dRJB___PPT9$@@ wLebanon*(#    @`  B&?d q5*(#    @`  <T&?  d r8.25( #    @`  <&? d u165,000( #    @`  <T&?d q3*(#    @`  <H&?d t55,000( #    @`D  <&?dRJB___PPT9$@@ vKuwait*(#    @`  <|&?d q4*(#    @`  B&? 2  s10.27( #    @`  BT&?2  t75,000( #    @`  BP&?2 q3*(#    @`  Bp&?2 t25,000( #    @`I  B'?2RJB___PPT9$@@ uQatar*(#    @`  B&?2 q3*(#    @`  <'?  2 s16.67( #    @`  <'? 2 u105,000( #    @`  <h)'?2 q3*(#    @`  <2'?2 t35,000( #    @`E  <<'?2RJB___PPT9$@@ wBahrain*(#    @`  <6'?2 q2*(#    @`  B?'?   s24.44( #    @`  B0I'?  u660,000( #    @`  Bb'? q3*(#    @`  Bl'? u220,000( #    @`G  Bu'?RJB___PPT9$@@ sUAE*(#    @`  Bf'? q1*(#    @`Q  <o'? Z RJB___PPT9$@@ % of Population.('    @`Q  <y'?Z RJB___PPT9$@@ Number of Users.('    @`]  <<'?ZRJB___PPT9$@@ Number of Users per Account.('    @`W  <x'?ZRJB___PPT9$@@ Number of Subscribers.('    @`I  <ر'?ZRJB___PPT9$@@ {Country.('    @`F ~ <H'?ZRJB___PPT9$@@ xRank.('    @`HB  C Z ZHB  C A AHB  C ZAHB  C  Z A`  <' <PH@___PPT9"@ *'DE5/1: www.ajeeb.com$""*  r  S '  ' H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.cpzs+D=' = @B +9  `Xp T(  T T 6(3f C"?  ;ISome statistics Population of Arab world: 275 B Internet users in the Arab world: 3.5M (1.3%) 10% who can speak English in the Arabic world Some obstacles facing Internet use Telecommunication infrastructure High cost Computer Illiteracy Language Levels of Arabization Contents Tools and applications Authoring tools Domain names n| n# nH n n= n|#H=  &   >  T 0h*(3f `  )Introduction Levels of Arabizing Internet4* &     l T C E(`@   ( l  T C PF(@  ( H T 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +   u( s l  C O(`@   ( l  C P(@  ( @  6Q(3f C"?  nPreserving our Arabic entity Encouraging Arab users to widely use Internet Difficulty to reach Arabic sites English language is incapable of representing Arabic characters Well-known entities would like to maintain their Arabic names in all media including Internet Arabs are entitle to use their language on the Internet in the similar way as English-speaking userso xo o    0U(3f `  /Arabic Domain Names Why Arabizing Domain Names?40 &    H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  /'( )pM@   s *i(3f  ( ARequirement The use of Arabic language to express domain names Solution Levels Linguistic issues Arabic TLDs Technical solutions Root serversh  3  @ 3@&i  #    0z(3f `  .Arabic Domain Names Requirements and Solutions&/  / l  C l~(`@   ( l  C (@  ( H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  0 r(   r   S (`@   ( r   S (@  ( 6   s *(3f "`  Current problems There are some companies that provide Arabic domains, however: Non-standard solutions Not compatible Multi-registration Unrecognized by ICANN May result to have separate Arabic networks! This leads to the establishment of a number of organizations (e.g., AINC, MINC)  ? | P  ?|P       T(?3f ?`  .Arabic Domain Names Requirements and Solutions&/  / H   0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.cv6+D=' = @B +  X(  r  S t(`@   ( r  S H(@  (   s *(3f  ( AINC was established in Amman meeting: 30 April 2001 Arabic linguistic committee: Stating the group s goals Outline the discussion issues Establishing a mailing list Starting discussing the issues and reaching some recommendations Supporting tasks that help achieving the goal of ALC: Web pages about using Arabic in domain names: www.saudinic.net.sa/arabicdomain/arabic_domains.htm Putting a questionnaire (in Arabic & English) on the web: www.saudinic.net.sa/arabicdomain/survey.htmrS   S.3<,@L 3 < +    T(?3f ?`  6Arabic Domain Names AINC - Arabic Linguistic Committee&7 # 7 H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +G  nf  `(  `l ` C !`@    l ` C "@    ` 643f C"?   )Recommendation It should not be allowed. 4   * % ` TT4?3f ?`  #Linguistic Issues ISSUE 1: Tashkeel4$ &    ` 0A ? ?"`]   H ` 0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +d  {s@$(  $r $ S pB`@    r $ S DC@    $ 6D3f C"?   )Recommendation It should not be allowed. 4   * & $ TJ?3f ?`  $Linguistic Issues ISSUE 2: Kasheedah4% &     $ 0A ? ?"`0    H $ 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.c jØ+D=' = @B +s'  &&P*/(&(  (r ( S n`@    r ( S to@     ( TY?3f ?`  "Linguistic Issues ISSUE 3: Folding4#  # z ( 0A ? ?"`R   N#p qo@ p /( #""oq@ p2  ( <??@ pD<4___PPT9@ rDE J-// "  @`6  ( <r? pD<4___PPT9@ v2.8%*("   @`6  ( <?d pD<4___PPT9@ v4.2%*("   @`4  ( <P?dpD<4___PPT9@ t7%*("   @`4 ( <萈?pD<4___PPT9@ t7%*("   @`4 ( <L?qpD<4___PPT9@ t7%*("   @`\ ( <?@ PH@___PPT9"@ FA3 'D-1A*  " "    @`E ( <? 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Spaces should be supported to be part of a domain name. 4 ^ ^ m  0 Tx?3f ?`  )Linguistic Issues ISSUE 4: Multiple Words4*  * z 0 0A ? ?"`R   H 0 0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.d Fz_+D=' = @B +  4|(  4r 4 S Ģ`@    r 4 S @   > 4 6छ3f C"?  i TRecommendation We should be able to use both! 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